L'viv. The city was founded in the first half of the 1250s by the
Halych-Volynian Prince Danylo who named it
after his son Lev. First mentions of L'viv in the Halych-Volynian chronicle date
back to 1256.
In the course of its centuries-old history the city passed through more than
thirty wars, sieges, fires and
was completely ravaged several times. Nevertheless, every time it rose from the
ashes retaining its unique appearance.
L'viv architecture fused whimsically styles of different epochs: Gothic and
Baroque, Empire and Renaissance.
St. Nicholas' Church, the oldest architectural monument of the same age as the
city, was a court church of
Halych-Volynian Princes. In the 16th c. the Dormition Brotherhood was organised
under the church. The activity
of the first-printer Ivan Fedorov is connected with this brotherhood. In 1574 he
published splendidly designed
books The Apostle and The Primer, the first in Ukraine. Another interesting
monument is the Armenian Cathedral
(14th - 15th cc.) with the monastery, which create a single ensemble. The Latin
Cathedral (14th - 15th cc.) is a
monument of Gothic architecture.
In the latter half of the 16th c. famous Italian architects settled in L'viv: P.
Barbon, P. Rymlianyn, and P. Krasovs'kyi.
At that time The Black-Stone House was built, a unique architectural monument of
the 16th - 17th cc, which has
no analogies not only in L'viv but in entire Europe. The building got its name
in the 19th c., when its walls built of
porous bricks turned black because of soot of chimneys. In 1929 the Museum of
History of L'viv was opened in it. Now it houses the department of modern and new history of the L'viv History
Museum.
Among the architectural monuments of the Italian masters are also the Korniakt
House (1580), the Dormition
Church with the bell tower and the Chapel of the Three Hierarchs (16th -17th cc.)
and the Bernardine Church and
Monastery (17th c).
L'viv has numerous architectural monuments from the 17th - 18th cc.: apartment
houses, defensive structures,
churches, the most famous among them are St. Yura's Cathedral (1746-1770), the
Dominican Church (1748);
the Lubomirski Palace (17th c) and the Jesuit Church (1610-1630). Theatre of
Opera and Ballet (1897-1900)
was built using the forms and details of the Renaissance as well as other
architectural styles.
Names of many famous men of the past and the present are associated with the
city history and culture. The
Lychakivs'ke Cemetery, a peculiar architectural and historical reserve, is the
last abode of printer I. Fedorov, poet
M. Shashkevych, writer I. Franko, singer S. Krushel'nyts'ka, artist I. Kurylas,
composer V. Ivasiuk, and others.
The Stryis'kyi Park, which is more than 100 years old, is one of the most
picturesque monuments of landscape
gardening in Ukraine. The Znesinnia regional landscape park is a wonderful
creation of nature.
Belz. First mentions of the town date to 1030. Here a number of historical and architectural monuments have survived: Old Rus fortifications (10th c.), the Town Hall (17th c), the Dominican Church (16th - 18th cc.), a tower and a church (17th c.) Of great interest is an archaeological monument Zamochok site with its defensive ramparts, ruins of a wooden house, ceramic material of Old Rus times, iron utensils, and a tin seal. These archaeological finds are exhibited at the L'viv Museum of History.
Brody. The town is known from the 12th c., the time it entered the Halych-Volynian Principality. The palace (17th - 18th cc.), which belonged to Polish magnates Zolkewski and Koniecpolski, has survived as well as the Church of Our Lady, St. George's and the Trinity Churches (17th - 18th cc.).
Bus'k. Olden Bozhes'k, the capital of the Buzhany tribe, is known
since the 6th c It got its name probably from the River Buh on which it stands.
The town was first mentioned in the Halych-Volynian chronicle in 1097. In 1100
it became the capital of the principality ruled by Prince Davyd Ihorevych. At
that time the town was an unassailable fortress amid swamps.
Two sites have been preserved on the territory of contemporary Bus'k, and some
architectural monuments - trim houses with carving, St. Parasceve's Church
(1708) with olden murals. In the territory of one site rises a wooden church
encircled by high earthen ramparts. It was first mentioned in 1776. Near the
church there is a chapel (1864) cut out of the trunk of a 1,000-year oak six
metres thick. The Roman Catholic Church (17th c.) stands in the centre of the
town. Now it houses wooden sculptures executed by masters of the L'viv school.
In the late 18th c., a park was laid out in the town, which is now a monument of
landscape gardening.
Drohobych. The remains of the fortifications of the olden site
testify to the fact that as early as the 12th -13th cc. in the territory of the
contemporary town a fortified settlement stood. Since the latter half of the
14th c. Drohobych had been one of the centres of salt production in Precarpathia.
Two masterpieces of Ukrainian wooden architecture (15th - 16th cc.) have been
preserved in the town: the Churches of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross and of
St. George. Here Yuri Drohobych (1450-1494) was born, famous Ukrainian scientist,
Doctor of Medicine and Philosophy, Professor of Krakow and Rector of Bologna
Universities, the author of the first book published by the Ukrainians in Rome
in 1483. The name of I. Franko is closely associated with the town. Here the
great writer finished a school and a gymnasia.
Horodok. Founded in the times of Kyivan Rus, it is known from the
Ipatiivs'kyi Chronicle of 1213 as a town
in the Halych-Volynian Principality.
During the Liberation War of the Ukrainian people (1648-1657) Horodok became the
scene of fierce battles
against Polish oppressors.
To our days have survived several architectural monuments: the Annunciation
Church (1633), the wooden Church
Morshyn. The balneological resort known since 1877. First written mentions about the settlement date back to 1482.
Oles'ko. The Oles'ko Castle is an outstanding monument of architecture and history of the 13th - 18th cc. In the medieval times it was a powerful Old Rus fortress, later a residence of Polish magnates. Now the castle houses the museum-reserve which exhibits hundreds of unique works of painting, sculpture, and decorative art of the 19th c.
Pidhirtsi. The settlement appeared in the late 14th - early 15th
cc. A remarkable monument of the Late
Renaissance has been preserved in Pidhirtsi: the castle built in 1635-1640.
Nearby spreads a marvellous park, a
monument of landscape gardening (17th - 18th cc.) with a 400-year-old linden.
An inn (18th c.) with a sundial on its pediment has survived in the village. In
1752-1766 a magnificent Roman
Catholic Church was built here which has remained to the present.
In the former Plisnes'ko hamlet there is a monastery built in the Baroque style
in the 18th c.
Pidkamin'. First mentions of the settlement in the historical documents date from 1441. In the 15th c., the Dominicans founded a monastery here which for a long time was a stronghold of Catholicism in Western Ukrainian lands.
Roztochchia reserve. The reserve was organised in 1984 on the area of 2,080 ha. It is situated on the Roztochia Ridge which is a watershed of the basins of the Black and Baltic Seas. There prevail mesas up to 390-m high divided by river valleys with the lake system of postglacial origin. Here highly productive pine and beech forests grow which can be met in the territory of Ukraine only in Roztochia and in the Crimea. The flora and fauna of the reserve is very rich and diverse. Seventeen species of fauna and twenty-eight of flora are entered in The Red Book of Ukraine.
Sambir. The town founded in 1238 on the Dniester suffered numerous epidemics and foreign invasions throughout its history. Now it has a number of architectural monuments: the Roman Catholic Church (16th -17th cc), the hunting lodge of King Stefan Batory (16th a), the remains of the fortification ramparts (16th -17th cc), and the Town Hall (1668). The park (18th c) laid out on the base of a natural forest is an outstanding monument of landscape gardening.
Skolivs'ki Beskydy, national park. The park was created in 1999 on
the area of 35,684 ha. Here
unique natural complexes of the Skolivs'ki Beskydy are represented where forest
ecosystems combined with
the picturesque middle mountain landscapes are of a special ecological,
scientific, aesthetic, and recreation
importance.
The park possesses 50 species of plants entered into The Red Book of Ukraine;
its animal kingdom is also very
rich. Bisons were brought here from the Belovezhskaya Forest.
Great resources of mineral waters resembling famous Naftusia by their
composition are found in the park
territory.
Yavoriv. First mentions of the town date from 1408. In the
mid-15th c two Roman Catholic churches and
the Dominican Monastery were built there, and in 1621 the Basilian Monastery was
founded.
In the latter half of the 17th c. Yavoriv got the defensive significance: the
castle was rebuilt and the town
surrounded with earthen ramparts. For some time the castle housed the royal mint
and various court ceremonies
took place there.
Two architectural monuments have been preserved in the town: the Nativity Church
with the bell tower (1670) and
the Dormition Church (1670).
Yavorivs'kyi national park. The park was organised in the grounds of the Yavoriv natural landscape park in 1996. Its area is 7,078.6 ha. It is of great importance for the preservation of typical landscapes in Roztochia. Favourable climatic conditions contribute to the development of recreational activities. In the adjacent settlements historical objects have survived, as well as monuments of wooden architecture, churches and a monastery. Therefore the creation of the Yavoriv National Park has not only nature-preserving significance but historical and cultural as well.
Zhovkva. The town is known since 1368 under the name of Vynnyky.
Later it belonged to the Polish magnates Zolkewski.
Here many architectural monuments have been preserved: a castle (16th - 17th cc.),
Zvirynets'ka and Hlyns'ka entrance towers (17th c), the Roman Catholic Church
(1618), the Dominican Church (1653) and the bell tower (1843), rows of stalls
and dwelling houses - monuments of medieval town-planning, St. Basil's Monastery
(17th c.) with a church and a bell tower (early 20th c), the synagogue (late
17th c), and the Trinity Church (1720) - a masterpiece of Ukrainian wooden
architecture.
Zolochiv. The town was first mentioned in 1442. In the past it
changed owners many times, suffered from fires and foreign incursions. To our
days have survived the castle (1634-1636), St. Nicholas' Church (late 16th c.)
and the Resurrection Church (1627).
Oblast farmsteads